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The development of new, fashionable and high-quality LED lighting fixtures will be a major topic for future research, with high added value and output value, and we must pay attention to it from now on.
The development of the LED industry is divided into two stages: the first stage of LED development, the luminous efficiency is low, and the efficiency of the second stage is continuously improved.
In 1962, Holonyak, who worked at General Electric Company of the United States, invented a phosphorous gallium arsenide light-emitting diode, and predicted that the future lamp could be an alloy of pencil-sized size, practical and not easily broken, never burned, and is more common than today. Conversion efficiency is at least 10 times greater. In 1968, Monsanto launched a commercial LED product. In the past 30 years, LED luminous efficiency has increased 10 times every 10 years, and by the end of the last century, it has increased 1000 times. Haitz et al. proposed another semiconductor revolution in October 1999, which opened the prelude to the semiconductor lighting revolution.
Is Holonyak the ultimate form of light on the JPS of the American Physical Society in 2000? Publish an article for the title and conclude that in principle the LED is the final form of the lamp, and in fact it will be developed until all power and color are achieved. It is extremely important to understand this. So far, high-brightness LEDs of various colors have been produced, and the luminous efficiency of white-light power LEDs has increased by 10 times in 2010.
The LED industry development is divided into two phases. The first phase is from 1968 to 1999. It is the growth stage of the LED industry. The product features low luminous efficiency and is mainly used for signal and display. The second phase is from 2000 to 2020. It is the development stage of the LED industry, and the product efficiency continues to increase, from 15 lm/W equivalent to incandescent lamps to 258 lm/W, exceeding all existing electric light sources. Its range of applications extends to the field of lighting until it becomes the protagonist of the field. Due to the leadership of technology development and the gradual expansion of the market scale, the total scale of the LED industry has increased tenfold or even 100 times.
Adjustment to the semiconductor lighting industry chain In the new situation, the LED industry chain must be adjusted to the semiconductor lighting industry chain.
In the first stage of the development of the LED industry, the structure of the industrial chain is relatively simple, which is what we usually call the upstream, middle and downstream industries of LED.
LED upstream industry chain mainly refers to LED material epitaxy and chip manufacturing. Usually we refer to these companies as chip factories; LED midstream industry chain refers to LED device packaging industry, enterprises are called packaging factories; LED downstream industry chain refers to LED displays or The industry of signal application products mainly refers to LED display, LED signal light, LED car light, liquid crystal backlight and so on.
In the second stage of LED industry development, LED luminous efficiency continues to increase substantially. In addition to further development in the original signal and display fields, the application is gradually expanding to the lighting field. By 2012, the efficiency of LED devices will reach 130lm/W, which can not only replace incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, but also fluorescent lamps (including compact fluorescent lamps). The scale of the industry has increased significantly, especially in the lighting application market. A typical example is the sale of 20 million LED bulbs in Japan in 2010 and sales of 35 million in 2011. The European spotlight and PAR light market started, North American downlights and bulbs started, and Chinese LED street lights started. People called 2010 the first year of LED lighting. LED lighting applications will develop rapidly. Under the new situation, the LED industry chain will have to be adjusted to the semiconductor lighting industry chain.
There are three main characteristics of the semiconductor lighting industry chain: first, LED lighting applications as the main application areas; second, in addition to LED lighting, LED lighting applications, the use of modern new technology to develop lighting services and system solutions become the industrial chain The largest industry in the middle; third, due to the expansion of the industry scale, this requires the development of production equipment and test equipment manufacturing industries of corresponding scale.
The structure of the semiconductor lighting industry chain has developed into an inverted triangle. From the data of the global semiconductor lighting industry chain in 2010 and 2020, we can see the following five development trends: First, in 2010, the whole industry chain is a small diamond with two small heads in the middle, which is extremely abnormal. The healthy industrial structure should be For example, the reverse triangle in 2020, the export of an industry should be large; secondly, the total output value of the whole industry chain will increase by 53 times in 2020 compared with 2010, and the growth rate is very fast; third, the largest increase is the intelligent control of LED lighting. Engineering, more than 700 times; Fourth, the second increase is the lighting fixtures, 30 times in 10 years, again LED package, 25 times in 10 years; Fifth, from the output value in 2020, lighting system The output value is almost four times that of LED packaged devices.
There are several views on the development of the semiconductor lighting industry chain:
First, continue to develop materials and device production based on the initial establishment of a complete industrial chain. It is the foundation of the industrial chain, and its first growth will promote the sustainable development of downstream industries. Under the prospect of expanding the output value by more than 50 times, we will strive to develop manufacturing and testing equipment, especially MOCVD equipment, and vigorously support the priority use and promotion of qualified products, and strive to use our own equipment in the next wave of development.
Second, in the initial solution to the quality, life and market of LED light sources, increase the research and development of lighting fixtures. Combining energy-efficient light sources, quality lighting and culture and art will be an eternal theme. Like cloth and fashion, fabrics will be eliminated and developed, and no matter what fabrics, fashion will keep up with the times, long-lasting, and even 30 years. Providing high-grade LED lighting fixtures can be done now, and many of the advantages of LEDs provide more room for innovation in lighting fixture design.
Third, the biggest development should be lighting services and system solutions, or intelligent lighting system control engineering. Modern technology provides us with sensors, network technology, wireless communications, and other hardware and software conditions that we can build. LEDs can be dimmed, toned, and integrated with integrated circuits in a system. The development of LED display technology and landscape lighting technology has provided us with a direction and can generate secondary energy saving benefits. We used a mobile phone or computer to switch outdoors or regulate home lighting a few years ago. This year we saw experimental prototypes at the show. It is said that products will soon be sold. The energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and beautifying life of LED lighting will be carried out on a larger scale in a wider field.
The industry chain needs to develop manufacturing and testing equipment, LED lighting and intelligent control LED lighting system engineering, which is the industry chain content that needs to be developed.
In terms of manufacturing and testing equipment, one is MOCVD equipment. At present, there are 17 companies in the country engaged in this research and development work, and some units have already had preliminary results. There are two large companies in the world, and their direction is large-scale and high-efficiency. The second is substrate manufacturing equipment. The sapphire crystal growth equipment and the silicon carbide crystal growth equipment have made great progress, and the GaN long crystal equipment needs to be strengthened. The third is chip manufacturing equipment. Such as lithography machine, laser dicing machine, ion beam coating machine, ion etching machine, chip automatic detection machine and so on. The fourth is device packaging automation equipment. Automatic solid crystal machine, automatic wire bonding machine, automatic dispenser, automatic tape machine, etc. The fifth is the LED light source and automatic manufacturing equipment for lamps. Such as automatic placement machines, reflow soldering machines, light sources or automated production lines. Six is ​​the test equipment. Chip automatic tester, photo-fluorescence spectrum tester, carrier concentration tester, carrier concentration longitudinal distribution tester, thickness gauge, LED device light, color, electricity comprehensive tester, LED accelerated aging and life tester, etc. .
In terms of LED lighting fixtures, the current LED lighting fixtures are mainly based on the concept of replacing the traditional lighting fixtures, such as LED spotlights, LEDPAR lamps, LED downlights, LED bulbs, LED tube lamps, LED ceiling lamps, LED street lamps. , LED tunnel lights. There are not many types of LED lamps, such as flat lights. In addition, the use of the above-mentioned light source or luminaire for redesign, the development of new, stylish, high-quality LED lighting fixtures will be a new topic for the next 100 years, considering the high added value and high output value, from now on Pay attention to it.
In the intelligent control of LED lighting system engineering, in the past, both traditional lighting and LED lighting are only statistical output values ​​to lighting fixtures, and it is customary to attribute lighting engineering to construction engineering. If the intelligent control is introduced, not only the use of many modern new technologies, but also the improvement of lighting quality and the second energy saving effect, the semiconductor lighting industry chain should include this part. In fact, the development of landscape lighting has become a new industry. This has been done in terms of design, construction, and bidding. We are all in accordance with the overall landscape lighting project.
Lighting control from switch to dimming, from single lamp to intelligent system, has more than 20 years of history, but most of them are used for traditional lamps, LED lighting is most needed and most suitable for intelligent control, and the intelligent control of LED lighting system has just begun. .
The semiconductor lighting intelligent control technology is a combination of sensor technology, control technology, communication technology and computer network technology. It will be digital, intelligent and networked to provide energy efficient, convenient, comfortable and healthy lighting systems.
Intelligent control of semiconductor lighting refers to the use of human-machine interface, signal network control, power supply network control, LED lighting control to achieve intelligent lighting environment. Its development trend is top-level control of Internet, power supply control automation, energy-saving control interaction and fault feedback automation.
Some companies have built a number of semiconductor lighting intelligent control system projects, but from the industry, it is still in the ascendant. Driven by the support of modern science and technology and innovative R&D, it will surely develop into the largest and most brilliant part of the semiconductor lighting industry chain.
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Pay attention to the development of high value-added semiconductor lighting industry chain